The use of After, As soon as , By the time and Before | Past Perfect | كيف تربط بين جملتين في الماضي

استخدام after and before بطريقة صحيحة لربط أحداث تمت في الماضي
التعرف على الماضي التام
أمثلة
أولا تناولت الغداء ثم ذاكرت دروسي

تناولت الغداء (الحدث الأول ) = ماضي تام had + V3
ذاكرت ( الحدث الثاني) = ماضي بسيط V2((Played/went
After I had eaten my lunch, I studied my lessons.
Before I studied my lessons, I had eaten my lunch.
قبل أن أنام راجعت دروسي
راجعت دروسي (الحدث الأول) = ماضي تام ((had+V3
نمت (الحدث الثاني) = ماضي بسيط ((V2
Before I slept, I had revised my lessons.
After I had revised my lessons, I slept.
نستخدم after / before لترتيب ما تم من أحداث
و عند استخدامهم مع الأحداث التي تمت في الماضي فعلينا أن نعرف أي الحدثين تم أولا
فكلمة after يأتي بعدها الحدث (1 ) ثم الحدث ( ( 2
أما كلمة before فيأتي بعدها الحدث ( 2) ثم الحدث ( 1 )
الحدث الأول = ماضي تام = had + V3
الحدث الثاني = ماضي بسيط = (Played/went) V2
The traffic officer gave the driver a fine. The driver passed the red light.
(Use: After/As soon as)
As soon as the driver had passed the red light, the traffic officer gave him a fine.
The traffic officer gave the driver a fine as soon as he had passed the red light.
The customers finished their meal. They asked the waiter for the bill.
(Use: Before/By the time)
By the time the customers asked the waiter for the bill, they had finished their meal.
The customers had finished their meal by the time they asked the waiter for the bill.
First, Omar consulted an economist. Then, he invested his money
(Use: After)
(Use: Before)
After Omar had consulted an economist, he invested his money.
Omar invested his money after he had consulted an economist.
Omar had consulted an economist before he invested his money.
Before Omar invested his money, he had consulted an economist.

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